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Nippon Steel, Japan’s largest steelmaker, has announced a $4 billion investment in the U.S. to build green steel facilities. The move is part of its bigger $14 billion commitment to U.S. Steel and a long-term plan to become carbon neutral by 2050.
The company is betting on electric arc furnace (EAF) technology, which uses scrap and electricity instead of coal. EAFs release far less carbon dioxide—around 0.3 tonnes per tonne of steel compared to 2.2 tonnes from traditional blast furnaces. In the U.S., EAFs already produce about 70% of crude steel, and Nippon Steel aims to accelerate this trend with modern plants using hydrogen-based processes like COURSE50 and H2-DRI.
While Nippon Steel reported a net loss of $1.3 billion in Q1 2025 due to acquisition costs, it expects U.S. Steel to generate strong profits by 2029. The company is also receiving support from the Japanese government, which has provided subsidies under its Green Transformation Act to ease the shift.
Experts believe this investment could reshape the global steel market by boosting the supply of low-carbon steel and strengthening competitiveness against high-emission producers. It also positions Nippon Steel as a leader in sustainable steelmaking, even as it balances the risks of high costs, scrap availability, and greenwashing concerns.
By doubling down on green steel, Nippon Steel is making a high-stakes bet on the future of industrial decarbonization.
Also Read : India’s Green Steel Demand to Reach 4.49 Million Tonnes by FY2030: EY Report India Proposes 3-Year Safeguard Duty on Steel Imports
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