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                            European steelmakers could reduce costs and emissions by importing green iron rather than producing it entirely within the region, according to a study by Agora Industry. The research suggests that sourcing hot briquetted iron (HBI) from countries such as the Middle East, North Africa, Brazil, and South Africa could cut steel production costs in Europe by 12–15% by 2040.
Green iron production is the most energy-intensive part of the steelmaking process. By importing this intermediate material, European producers could ease pressure on local energy systems, improve cost efficiency, and enhance supply chain resilience.
The report outlines a phased strategy: first, phasing out blast furnaces in favor of hydrogen-based direct reduced iron (DRI) plants alongside renewable energy expansion; second, creating a robust EU green steel market; and third, forging international partnerships to secure diversified and stable imports.
Experts believe that trade in green iron could become a cornerstone of Europe’s industrial policy, enabling the continent to remain competitive while pursuing its climate commitments under the EU’s Clean Industry Agreement.
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