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India's lithium quest: challenges in mining and processing expertise for EV boom

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Announcement 22 Jan 2024 03:23 PM IST Economic Times

India is making efforts to secure a stable lithium supply to support its growing electric vehicle (EV) industry. The Ministry of Mines has invested ₹200 cr in lithium exploration in Argentina, but industry experts highlight the need for expertise in lithium mining and processing to accelerate domestic activities.

Currently, India relies entirely on lithium imports, with more than 95% coming from China and Hong Kong. The joint venture Khanij Bidesh India Ltd (KABIL), involving NALCO, HCL, and MECL, has obtained exploration rights in Argentina and has agreements with Australia for lithium and cobalt exploration. However, the lithium industry faces a lengthy gestation period, averaging 6 to 7 years from discovery to production in South American brine assets, according to the International Energy Agency (IEA).

Ritabrata Ghosh, Vice President at ICRA, emphasises that China dominates 65% of the lithium processing/refining industry, an area where India currently lacks a foothold. Ghosh points out that mining and processing are distinct activities that require individual focus and development. While Argentina has proven extraction and processing technology for brine deposits, commercialising these assets may take time due to India's limited expertise in lithium mining and its track record of developing mining assets in foreign countries, which involves elevated execution risks.

India's initiative to invest in lithium exploration is a positive step, but there is a need for a comprehensive strategy that includes both mining and processing expertise to effectively compete in the global lithium market. The challenges lie in overcoming the gestation period for lithium production and developing the necessary capabilities in a sector dominated by China.