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Europe is tightening market access for steel imports through a twin push on carbon compliance and trade protection, creating a tougher runway for exporters such as India. From January 1, 2026, the EU’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) begins imposing carbon-linked costs on imports including steel, with payments tied to the EU carbon price. Indian producers—many of whom rely heavily on blast furnace routes expect pressure on margins and volumes unless emissions intensity falls.
On December 17, 2025, the European Commission proposed expanding CBAM coverage to more downstream products that use significant steel and aluminium, and tightening enforcement to deter “workarounds,” including applying default emissions values if firms are seen under-reporting embedded emissions. The package also proposes using a share of CBAM revenue to support decarbonising EU industry.
In parallel, the EU is moving to replace its steel safeguard regime (due to expire June 30, 2026) with a new framework aimed at countering global overcapacity. Earlier proposals include sharply reducing tariff-free import space and raising out-of-quota tariffs, which would further constrain export opportunities.
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