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Carbon Capture Emerges as Low-Cost Route to Cut Steel Sector Emissions

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Construction 16 Dec 2025 12:59 PM IST Economic Times

Carbon capture and storage technologies could offer one of the lowest-cost pathways to cutting emissions from the steel sector, according to a new study cited by industry and policy experts. The research, focused on hard-to-abate industries, finds that integrating carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) into existing steel plants can deliver substantial CO₂ reductions at a competitive cost per tonne, especially when combined with energy-efficiency upgrades and higher scrap usage.

Unlike full greenfield transitions to hydrogen-based steelmaking, CCUS can often be retrofitted onto current blast furnace–basic oxygen furnace (BF–BOF) infrastructure, avoiding premature asset stranding and large upfront capital write-offs. The study suggests that, with targeted investments and shared CO₂ transport and storage infrastructure, steelmakers could significantly curb emissions while maintaining output and international competitiveness.

The findings come as several countries, including India, prepare national CCUS missions and industrial decarbonisation strategies that prioritise steel and cement. Policymakers see CCUS as a complementary option alongside increased scrap recycling, process efficiency and emerging green hydrogen projects. Analysts note that clear regulatory frameworks, carbon pricing signals and supportive finance will be essential to scale carbon capture in steel and unlock the low abatement costs highlighted by the study.