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India has approached key critical mineral producers in order to bring processing technologies into the country, according to officials. This action is nearly a reaction to the government's decision to auction off vital mining resources.
"Talks are on with the United States (US), Australia, the UK, South Korea, and Japan for processing technology. Brazil and Argentina are also positive about collaborating with India," a senior mines ministry official stated. According to another official, agreements with nations are being arranged and will shortly be signed.
Although India proceeds with the auction of mines containing important minerals, there are no facilities for their beneficiation. "We want to target India's first critical mineral beneficiation and processing plant in the next 3-5 years," the official quoted above said. "We want to ensure that development of critical mineral processing and extraction happen in parallel." Beneficiation is the process of eliminating undesirable minerals from an ore to enhance its grade.
A Niti Aayog estimate states that by 2030, India's advanced chemistry cell manufacturing sector will require 193,000 tonnes of cathode active material annually to generate 100 GW hours of batteries. Critical minerals and their active materials used in producing lithium-ion batteries (LIB) account for approximately 33%-48% of the overall pack cost.
The Centre of Excellence under the Mines Ministry is also preparing a strategy to accelerate the development of critical mineral mining, processing, manufacturing, and recycling.
Critical minerals such as cobalt, graphite, lithium, and rare earth elements (REE) are key for manufacturing components of electric vehicles (EVs) and are used in new-age developments in defence, agriculture, energy, pharmaceutical, and telecom, among other sectors.
In June 2023, India, for the first time, defined its own list of 30 critical minerals. India's list of 30 critical minerals included copper, glauconite, nickel, chromium and platinum group elements (PGE), Potash, and Molybdenum, among others.
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